The table below provides a summary of recommended hardware for different oxygen measurement applications.
This table is available for download in PDF format
| Type of Process or Appliance | Usual Process Conditions | Sensor Location(s) | Measuring Range | Models Used | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boilers | Package | Combusted gas or fuel oil | Flue | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732 & 1231 | Probe insertion length is usually 250mm |
| Power Generation | Combusted Coal, dusty fly-ash | Economiser Outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & FIL-2 | If the probe can be mounted vertically downwards then filters are not required but the purge should still be used. Some fly-ash is abrasive. | |
| Combusted Oil | Economiser Outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732 & 1231 | Don’t use filters with oil fired appliances | ||
| Combusted Wood Chips, ash | Economiser Outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & FIL-2 | Vertically down for the probe or else use filters; purge required | ||
| Black Liquor Recovery | Combusted Black Liquor, dusty | Economiser Outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & FIL-2 | Large amounts of hydrated sodium sulphate & water vapour, use filters and purge (Na₂SO4 =90%; Na₂CO3 =10%) Dust Loading 5 to 15 g/Nm3 | |
| Iron & Steel | Heating Furnace | Combusted Gas | Preheat, Heating & Soaking Zones | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | Gas flow ˜ 5 lpm, back-purge required |
| Annealling Furnace | H₂Nx (indirect fired) | Base of Furnace | 1 x 10-26 to 1 x 10-20% O₂ | 1738 & 1231 | 4 – 5 years life at BlueScope Steel, Westernport works | |
| Coke Oven | Combusted Gas | Flue | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732 & 1231 | Use filters if gas contains particulate | |
| Soaking Pit | Combusted Gas | Before Recuperator | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732 & 1231 | Minimise ingot surface oxidation | |
| Aluminium | Potlines & Holding Furnace | Hostile component – fluoride | Sampling point from hood | < 1% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | Alco, Pt Henry, ˜ 5 year sensor life |
| Incinerators | PVC | Combusted Gas & HCl | Sample point from after-burner outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | High HCl use condensate / acid trap before sample chamber |
| Medical or Toxic Waste | Combusted Gas & hostile compounds | Sample point at the final combustion chamber outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | Keep distance between sample point & chamber to a minimum to minimise transport lag time | |
| High Temp Kilns / Furnaces | Rotary Lime | Combusted Gas | Kiln end | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & FIL-2 | Probe location is critical; large amounts of abrasive dust and tramp air |
| Cement | Combusted Gas (and sometimes rubber) | Cyclone outlet | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & FIL-2 | Often used to incinerate rubber from spent vehicle tyres | |
| Glass | Combusted Gas (high silica) | Sample point from kiln roof | 0.1 to 5% O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | High silica destroys zirconia catalyst >800°C | |
| Ceramic | Combusted Gas (high glazing flux) | Sample point from reduction firing zone | < 1000ppm O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | Glazing salts are hostile to the sensor >800°C, sample tube between sample point & chamber require periodic replacement due to salts condensing in tube | |
| Brick | Combusted Gas (high glazing flux) | Sample point from reduction firing zone(s) | < 1000ppm O₂ | 1732, 1231 & S/Chamber | Same as ceramic kilns | |
| Heat Treatment | Sealed Quench Furnace | CO / CO₂ (reducing) | Side mount | 0 to 1.5% Carbon | 1734 & 1232 253MA | Use purge to burn-out carbon build-up around the sensor |
| Rotary Furnace | CO / CO₂ (reducing) | End mount | 0 to 1.5% Carbon | 1734 & 1232 253MA | These are usually “dirty” furnaces, use purge to burn-out carbon build-up around the sensor | |
| Mesh Belt Furnace | CO / CO₂ (reducing) | Side mount | 0 to 1.5% Carbon | 1734 & 1232 253MA | These are also usually “dirty” furnaces, use purge to burn-out carbon build-up around the sensor | |
| Nitrogen Purity | Generator | Clean nitrogen | Sample drawn from outlet | < 100ppm O₂ | 1732 & 1234 | Use MOZ-1 for OEMs |
| Oxygen Enrichment | Generator | Oxygen & Nitrogen | Sample drawn from outlet | 90 to 95% O₂ | 1732 & 1234 | 1234 must be degreased for pure oxygen service |
| Drying Ovens | Direct Fired | Water Vapour | Side mount probe and sample tube | 20 to 40% water vapour | 1735, 1231 & RGS-17 | Used in textile industry, gypsum dryers, paper machine drying hoods |
| Indirect Fired | Water Vapour | Side mount probe | 20 to 40% water vapour | 1735 & 1231 | ||
| Baking Ovens | Indirect Fired | Water Vapour & fat | Side mount probe | 10 to 99% water vapour | 1735 & 1231 | Avoid direct jets of water on probe during wash-down |
| Food Packaging | Food Packs – Spot Checks | Clean gas | Hypodermic with septum to sample package gas level | 1 ppm to 5% O₂; 0-100% CO₂ | 1637 Mk-II | Use the white particulate filters if dust is present, use the blue filter to block water if droplets are in the work area or food pack, use septum to seal the hypodermic through the food pack. |
| Continuous Monitoring | Clean gas | Gas drawn from the packaging machine sample point | 1 ppm to 5% O₂ | 1732 & 1234 | Use the activated carbon filter if hydrocarbons are present in the gas stream | |
| Laboratory Use | Clean gas | Analyse take-up rate of CO₂ and O₂ permeation of package film | 1 ppm to 5% O₂; 0-100% CO₂ | 1637 Mk-II | The instruments are well looked after in most of these facilities | |